心肌梗塞 Myocardial infarction, MI
檢查項目包括
- 病史和理學檢查:會出現胸骨壓迫的疼痛,可能伴隨轉移痛(Referred pain),轉移到下頷、肩膀或是左臂,也會有噁心(nausea)、盜汗、呼吸困難。不過一些老人可能也會
- 心臟酵素檢查:心肌酵素有肌酸激酶(Creatinine kinase-MB, CK-MB)、另一項是肌鈣蛋白(Troponin),肌鈣蛋白的升高速度較為迅速,且可以持續數天,不僅如此,隨著靈敏度越來越高,分辨度也越來越好。
- 心電圖(Electrocardiography):心肌梗塞在心電圖的反應會隨著時間改變,一開始會出現T波變高,代表心肌缺氧1,再漸漸變成T波倒置,通常是對稱性的2,超過24小時之後,ST segment會上升,代表心肌損傷,其他狀況如心肌炎(Cardiomyositis)、高血鉀症(Hyperkalemia)、肺栓塞(Pulmonary embolism)、心包膜炎(Pericarditis)...等3,最後超過72小時之後,會產生病理性Q波(Pathologic Q wave),代表著不可逆的心肌細胞死亡。
導極 | 位置 |
V2, V3, V4或是R波進展不良(poor R wave progression) | 前壁(Anterior wall) |
I, aVL, V5, V6 | 左外側(Left, lateral wall) |
II, III, aVF | 下壁(Inferior wall) |
aVR, VI | 右心室(Right ventricle) |
V1 R波比S波大、V1有ST segment下降、T波倒置 | 後壁(Posterior wall) |
感恩分享
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